University of Isfahan Applied Research on English Language 3134-0644 3 2 2014 08 01 A cross-cultural study of request speech act: Iraqi and Malay students 35 54 15486 10.22108/are.2014.15486 EN Hiba Qusay Abdul Sattar Australian Technical Management College (ATMC), Australia Maryam Farnia Department of Foreign Languages and Linguistics, Payame Noor University, Iran 0000-0001-7046-6533 Journal Article 2013 12 23 Several  studies  have  indicated  that  the  range  and  linguistics  expressions  of  external <br />modifiers  available  in  one  language  differ  from  those  available  in  another  language.  The <br />present study aims to investigate the cross-cultural differences and similarities with regards <br />to  the  realization  of  request  external  modifications.  To  this  end,  30  Iraqi  and  30  Malay <br />university  students  are  selected  as  the  participants  of  this  study.  Spencer-Oatey's  (2008) <br />rapport  management  theoretical  framework  is  used  to  examine  how  face  rapport  is <br />managed through the use of external modifications.  The corpus consists of responses to a <br />Discourse  Completion  Test  (DCT)  consisting  of  eight  situations.  The  questionnaires, <br />adopted  from  Rose  (1994),  were  distributed  among  Iraqi  students  and  Malaysian  Malay <br />students  studying  at  Universiti  Sains  Malaysia,  Malaysia.  The  corpus  was  then  analyzed <br />based on Blum-Kulka, House and Kasper’s (1989) classification of external modifiers. The <br />primary  objective  of  this  paper  is  to  compare  the  effect  of  situational  factors  on  the <br />realization  patterns  of  request  modification  between  Iraqi  and  Malay  university  students <br />.The findings indicated that grounders are the most common external modifier used by the <br />subjects.  Results  also  show  more  similarities  than  differences  between  the  subjects  under <br />study  in  terms  of  the  use  of  mitigation  devices  such  as  apologies,  compliments  and <br />gratitude.  However,  both  Iraqis  and  Malays  differ  in  their  perception  of  the  situational <br />factors. Finally,  the  study suggests some pedagogical implications  for both ESL and EFL <br />teachers. https://are.ui.ac.ir/article_15486_faf343494ce24ec0b68f454936dec21c.pdf